Publication Ethics

Originality and Publication Integrity

Authors should submit original scholarly work and acknowledge previously published research appropriately. Duplicate publication, misrepresentation of findings, fabrication, falsification, and unattributed copying are inconsistent with responsible scientific publishing.

Authorship and Contributions

All listed authors should meet the journal's approved authorship criteria, approve the submitted manuscript, and accept appropriate responsibility for their contributions. Changes to authorship should follow a documented procedure.

Human and Animal Research

Research involving human participants or animals should comply with applicable ethical requirements. Manuscripts should disclose relevant ethics committee approvals, informed consent arrangements, and other mandatory safeguards, where applicable.

Conflicts of Interest and Funding

Authors should disclose financial and nonfinancial interests that could reasonably influence the research. Funding sources and their roles in the work should be reported transparently.

Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors should disclose the use of artificial intelligence tools where required by the journal's approved policy. Authors remain accountable for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and appropriate attribution of manuscript content.

Corrections and Retractions

Concerns about published work should be evaluated through documented editorial procedures. Corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions should be considered when warranted by the available evidence and applicable publishing standards.